{"text_format":"1","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":17,"sheets":["Read me","Catalog of modules","System overview","01-User input","13-Verification","12-Additional data","11-Surface and mass calculation","02-DBC","03-Baseplate","04-Semiconductors","05-Contacts","06-Power terminals","07-Frame and lid","08-Wire bonds","09-Screws_washers","10-Assembly","Feuil3"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":15,"macros":1,"external_links":0,"defined_names":0,"comments":8,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

{"sheet":"Read me","index":0,"n_rows":66,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":66,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["General info"]
["Authors","Fatimata-Fatim DIARRASSOUBA"]
[null,"Jean-Christophe CREBIER"]
[null,"Lucas RIONDET"]
[null,"Yvan AVENAS"]
[]
["Institutions","G2Elab"]
["Location","Grenoble, France"]
["Date","March 28, 2025"]
[]
["Aim of the document","This document aims to provide manufacturing data related to power modules in order to produce a Life Cycle Inventory (LCI). "]
[null,"Therefore guiding users to build a manufacturing inventory that they can use to make Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)."]
[null,"The modelisation of each sub-part or component, found in corresponding tabs, was based on following materials:"]
[null,"1. Using data collected from experimental disassembly of differents power modules"]
[null,"2. Using existing dataset on processes for manufacting of the studied object extracted from the detailed work of Chalmer. "]
[null,"3. Available bill of Material and identified processes in existing database of the Lifecycle of the studied object"]
[]
["Studied object","This work is dedicated to the manufacturing inventory of regular power modules."]
[null,"This type of power module has top-side screwed electrical  interconnects for power terminals and wired or soldered driving signal interconnects.  "]
[null,"The bottom side is flat, includes a baseplate and can be connected to a heat sink for air or water cooling."]
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["Usage notes"]
["Input guide ","This is an explanation of where users should enter data!"]
[null,"01-User input: ","(Mandatory)","This first tab of the file is where the user enters the geometrical values related to the power module he wishes to study. Values are to be entered respecting the correct units provided in the message box that appears once the button had been click on. "]
[null,"14-Model deviation calculation:",null,"(Optional)","In this tab the users has to enter the real masses of subparts for the component he is studying if he wishes to calculate the deviation of the model with real values. "]
[]
["Calculation process","This is a brief overview of how the spreadsheet process the inputs! (See figure at the right)"]
[null,"1.The inputs from the first tab of the file are inserted in corresponding cells."]
[null,"2.In addition to the experimental data collected from disassemblies, thoses values helps in deriving parameters values essential to the modelisation of each subpart of the power module"]
[null,"3.The values of these parameters helps in making mass calculations thanks to the density of corresponding materials"]
[null,"4.Thoses masses are injected in the manufacturing process dataset of power modules extracted from Chalmers"]
[]
["Output interpretation ","This is an explanation of where to find key results and how to use them!"]
[null,"The tabs 2 to 10 presents the manufacturing processes of involved for each subpart of the power module with "]
[null,"corresponding flows and values calculated from user's input, data extracted from littérature and experimental data collection from disassemblies. "]
[null,"Those are the data neccessary as inputs in LCA software. The links to the Ecoinvent's database are available as well in the tabs for each flow."]
[]
["Navigation guide","This is a table of contents of all the tabs complemented with hyperlinks for easy navigation! "]
[null,"01-User input"]
[null,"02-DBC"]
[null,"… 14-Model deviation "]
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["Assumptions","This is a list of assumptions made in line with the first version of our work found in this file!"]
[null,"1-Materials are considere to be the same as described in the work of Chalmers"]
[null,"2- Energy scaling is done according to the method used by Chalmers "]
[]
["Version history "]
[null,"This is the version of the model "]
[null,"V1:","2024-12-01"]

{"sheet":"Catalog of modules","index":1,"n_rows":16,"n_cols":1,"rows_kept":16,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
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["Semitrans 2"]
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["Semitrans 3"]
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["Dynex"]

{"sheet":"System overview","index":2,"n_rows":107,"n_cols":4,"rows_kept":107,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,0,0,12]]}
["System overview"]
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["Data sources",null,null,"How does the model works ? "]
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[null,"System overview"]
[]
[null,"+-------------------------------------------------------------+"]
[null,"|                         Background System                   |"]
[null,"|         (ecoinvent data: raw materials, energy, etc.)       |"]
[null,"|                                                             |"]
[null,"|   +----------------+     +---------------------+            |"]
[null,"|   | Raw Material   |     | Energy Supply (Grid)|            |"]
[null,"|   | Extraction     |     | (ecoinvent)         |            |"]
[null,"|   +----------------+     +---------------------+            |"]
[null,"|         |                           |                       |"]
[null,"|         V                           V                       |"]
[null,"|       (Solid arrows: technosphere flows)                    |"]
[null,"|                                                             |"]
[null,"+-------------------------▼-----------------------------------+"]
[null,"                          |"]
[null,"                          V"]
[null,"+-------------------------------------------------------------+"]
[null,"|                     Foreground System (Your Focus)          |"]
[null,"|   (detailed modeling: power module production, operation)   |"]
[null,"|                                                             |"]
[null,"|  +-------------+     +--------------+     +--------------+  |"]
[null,"|  | Component   | --> | Assembly of  | --> | Use Phase /  |  |"]
[null,"|  | Manufacture |     | Power Module|     | Operation     |  |"]
[null,"|  +-------------+     +--------------+     +--------------+  |"]
[null,"|                                             |               |"]
[null,"|                                          (Dashed arrows:    |"]
[null,"|                                           emissions, etc.)  |"]
[null,"+-------------------------▼-----------------------------------+"]
[null,"                          |"]
[null,"                          V"]
[null,"+-------------------------------------------------------------+"]
[null,"|                 Background System (Downstream)              |"]
[null,"|      (ecoinvent data: waste treatment, recycling, etc.)     |"]
[null,"|                                                             |"]
[null,"|   +------------------+     +-----------------------+        |"]
[null,"|   | Waste Disposal   | --> | Recycling / Reuse     |        |"]
[null,"|   +------------------+     +-----------------------+        |"]
[null,"|                                                             |"]
[null,"+-------------------------------------------------------------+"]

{"sheet":"01-User input","index":3,"n_rows":94,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":94,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,0,0,5],[0,9,1,13],[1,0,1,5],[2,0,2,6],[7,2,7,6]]}
["GPLCI-PM"]
["  Geometric Parametrized Life Cycle Inventory for power modules "]
["To overcome this lack of data regarding the LCI of power modules, the idea proposed in this article is to develop a parametric Life Cycle Inventory (PLCI) of power modules based on data collected from the manufacturer and an experimental inventory of the materials composing the device, completed with a literature review regarding the associated processes and materials involved in the manufacturing stage. The parameters used for the model are basic and easily derived from manufacturer datasheets, enabling the creation of a complete manufacturing LCI for a type of power module. This PLCI has been developed to be independent of the integrated semiconductor technology and adaptable to any semiconductor technology, such as wide band gap devices. The model entry parameters are to be completed by the users while clicking on the \"click here\" button below. Values are to be entered respecting the correct units provided in the message boxes. The filled-in values are going to be inserted in the table below which lists all of the necessary parameters for modelling of each part of the power module followed by respective  parameter's names. From where the data is accessible is provided in the next column. The computed values presented are obtained through experimental values, hypothesis and deductions. The notes explains how calculations were made and specify also the hypothesis."]
[]
[]
["Legend"]
[null,"Entry parameters automatically filled in once the users click on the button"]
[]
["Parts","Parameters name","Data accessibility","Computed values","Computational notes"]
["Direct Bonded Copper (DBC)"]
["Lenght of ceramic substrate","Ldbc","Opening of module",{"$f":"D45-2*'12-Additional data'!D12","v":7.017000000000001E-2},"Baseplate Lenght minus 15mm"]
["Width of ceramic substrate","Wdbc","Opening of module",{"$f":"D46-2*'12-Additional data'!D11","v":5.0169999999999999E-2},"Baseplate Witdh minus 5mm"]
["Number of DBC","Ndbc","Opening of module",1,"Considered to always be 1"]
["Thickness of copper foils","Tdbcc","Hypothesis",2.9999999999999997E-4,"Data extracted from Nebo, Sunday E., et al (2024)"]
["Thickness of dielectric material ","Tdbcdm","Hypothesis",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!G16","v":5.0000000000000001E-4},"Data extracted from Chalmers"]
[]
["Wire bonds"]
["Control terminal wire bonds"]
["Lenght ","Lbwds","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"0.5*D45-'12-Additional data'!D17","v":4.4760000000000001E-2},"Always equal to 0,5 BP lenght -0,0052mm "]
["Radius","Rbwds","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D34","v":1.7999999999999998E-4},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Number of wire bonds(control terminals)","Nbwds","Opening of module",{"$f":"1*D66","v":4},"1 or 2 per transistor (2 if Kelvin terminal)"]
["Power die wire bonds"]
[null,"Lbwp","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"1.25*MIN(D67,D68)","v":1.391194084555702E-2},"Equal to 1,25  x the min of L and W per die type"]
["Radius","Rbwp","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D34","v":1.7999999999999998E-4},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Number of wire bonds(power die)","Nbwp","Opening of module",{"$f":"ROUND((MAX(D67,D68)-0.003)/0.001,0)","v":8},"Function of die max(W,L): (Max(W,L)-0,0003)/0,0001; We suppose a distancing of 1mm between each wire"]
["Terminal sensor wire bonds"]
["Lenght ","Lbws","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"0.5*D45-'12-Additional data'!D17","v":4.4760000000000001E-2},"Suposed at the middle of the BP -0,005 (to account for BP edge)"]
["Radius","Rbws","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D34","v":1.7999999999999998E-4},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Number of wire bonds(terminal sensors)","Nbws","Opening of module",0,"0 or 2 depeending if sensor is included or not"]
[]
["Fasteners (nuts, washers)"]
["Nuts"]
["Number of nuts","Nscrew","Datasheet",{"$f":"D61","v":3},"Dependent on number of power terminals"]
["Radius of nuts","Rscrew","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D22/2","v":4.9649999999999998E-3},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Thickness of nuts","Tscrew","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D24","v":4.2699999999999995E-3},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Washers"]
["Number of washers","Nwsh","Datasheet",4,"Dependent on number of BP holes"]
["Radius of washers","Rwsh","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D31/2","v":5.4349999999999997E-3},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Thickness of washers","Twsh","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D33","v":4.0000000000000001E-3},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
[]
["Encapsulant (Silicone gel)"]
["Filling rate of silicone gel","Frt","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D30","v":0.31901043233421977},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
[]
["Baseplate"]
["Lenght of baseplate","Lbp","Datasheet",0.1,"To be defined, part of the very initial parameters set"]
["Width of baseplate","Wbp","Datasheet",0.06,"To be defined, part of the very initial parameters set"]
["Thickness of baseplate","Tbp","Opening of module",3.0999999999999999E-3,"To be defined, part of the very initial parameters set"]
["Diameter of baseplate holes","Dbph","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D10","v":7.2150000000000001E-3},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Number of baseplate holes","Nbph","Opening of module",{"$f":"D37","v":4}]
[]
["Terminals"]
["Control terminals"]
["Length of control terminals","Ltd","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D14","v":2.818E-2},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Width of control terminals","Wtd","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D15","v":2.8650000000000004E-3},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Thickness of control terminals","Ttd","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D13","v":5.2999999999999998E-4},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Number of control terminals ","Ntd","Datasheet",4,"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Power terminals"]
["Length of power terminals","Ltp","Opening of module",{"$f":"0.013+D85+0.004","v":4.675E-2},"default=0,013+Hlid+0,0004 (short feet part to be soldered on DBC); the 0,013 account for the lenght of exterior curved part of the power terminal"]
["Width of power terminals","Wtp","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D28","v":1.2115000000000001E-2},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Thickness of power terminals","Ttp","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D27","v":1.2800000000000001E-3},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Number of power terminals","Ntp","Datasheet",3,"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Diameter of power terminals hole","Dtp","Datasheet",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D25","v":7.45E-3},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
[]
["Dies"]
["Dies of type 1 (Transistors)"]
["Number of transistors","Ndy","Opening of module",4,"To be defined, part of the very initial parameters set"]
["Lenght of transitors","Ldx","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"((2*D11*D12*0.95/4.5)/(3*D66))^0.5","v":1.1129552676445616E-2}]
["Width of transistors","Wdx","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"((2*D11*D12*0.95/4.5)/(3*D66))^0.5","v":1.1129552676445616E-2}]
["Thickness of transistors","Tdx","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D16","v":4.6250000000000002E-4},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Dies of type 2 (Diodes)"]
["Number of diodes","Ndy","Opening of module",4,"To be defined, part of the very initial parameters set"]
["Lenght of diodes","Ldy","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"((D11*D12*0.95/4.5)/(3*D71))^0.5","v":7.8697821690875847E-3}]
["Width of diodes","Wdx","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"((D11*D12*0.95/4.5)/(3*D71))^0.5","v":7.8697821690875847E-3}]
["Thickness of diodes","Tdx","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D16","v":4.6250000000000002E-4},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
[]
["Silicone adhesive "]
["Thickness of silicone adhesive","Tsad","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D29","v":6.0499999999999996E-4},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Lenght of silicone adhesive","Lsad","Disassembly of module",{"$f":"D45","v":0.1},"deduced from baseplate dimension"]
["Width of silicone adhesive","Wsad","Disassembly of module",0.06,"deduced from baseplate dimension"]
[]
["Lid"]
["Lenght of lid","Llid","Datasheet",{"$f":"D45","v":0.1},"deduced from baseplate dimension"]
["Width of lid","Wlid","Datasheet",0.06,"deduced from baseplate dimension"]
["Thickness of lid","Tlid","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D21","v":2.715E-3},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Height of lid ","Hlid","Datasheet",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D19","v":2.9749999999999999E-2},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
["Thickness of plastic filling in the lid","Tplf","Disassembly of module",0,"Equal to 0 or to a mesured value"]
[]
["Frame "]
["Length of frame","Lf","Opening of module",{"$f":"D45-2*'12-Additional data'!D17","v":8.9520000000000002E-2},"Deduced from BP dimension -2x0,5cm"]
["Width of frame","Wf","Opening of module",{"$f":"D46-2*'12-Additional data'!D35","v":3.9969999999999992E-2},"Deduced from BP dimension - 2x1cm"]
["Thickness of frame","Tf","Opening of module",{"$f":"'12-Additional data'!D18","v":3.0999999999999999E-3},"Value obtained from experimental disassembly work "]
[]
["Solder (Dies, baseplate)"]
["Thickness of solder","Tsolder","Hypothesis",1E-4,"Data extracted from Nebo, Sunday E., et al (2024)"]

{"sheet":"13-Verification","index":4,"n_rows":23,"n_cols":10,"rows_kept":23,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,0,0,9],[1,1,6,9]]}
["Verification"]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the production of the DBCThe obtention process of the DBC starts with the step of production of alumina substrate. Followed by this step is the production of copper foils that'll be bonded to the previous alumina substrate through the process of direct copper bonding. The DBC is then etched through the process of photolithography and the top copper surface is cleaned for the nickel electroplating step.The final product is illustrated by the picture on the right of this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is explained below."]
[]
[]
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["Part","Mass[g]"]
["DBC",24.4,null,null,"To be filled in by user if verification needed"]
["Baseplate",160.9]
["Dies",0.7,null,null,"Case of Semitrans 3 "]
["Lid",49,null,null,"Substances","Estimated mass [g]","Measured mass [g] ","Deviation [%]","Colonne1","Ponderation"]
["Frame",4.9000000000000004,null,null,"Copper (Baseplate, terminals,wires)",{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F10+'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F29+Tableau11[Value]+'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F17","v":181.89904890866725},{"$f":"B11+B15+B16+B17","v":181.5},{"$f":"ABS(G14-F14)/G14 *100","v":0.21986165766790852},{"$f":"G14*H14","v":39.904890866725395}]
["Power terminals",17.7,null,null,"Doped silicon",{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!I25","v":0.80089268526541657},{"$f":"B12","v":0.7},14.413240752202375,10.089268526541662]
["Auxiliary terminals",2.5,null,null,"Solder ",{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!I28","v":3.1550866119333341},{"$f":"B20","v":2.6},21.349485074358999,55.508661193333396]
["Wires bonds",0.4,null,null,"Low-alloy carbon steel",{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!I29","v":8.9049380274772734},{"$f":"B19","v":10.1},11.832296757650756,119.50619725227263]
["Silicone gel ",24.7,null,null,"Plastic",{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!I31","v":61.318664702399992},{"$f":"B13+B14","v":53.9},13.763756405194794,741.86647023999933]
["Screws and washers",10.1,null,null,"Silicone gel",{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!I33","v":31.155637520461646},{"$f":"B18","v":24.7},26.136184293366995,645.56375204616472]
["Solder",2.6,null,null,"DBC",{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!I34","v":23.722058099760002},{"$f":"B10","v":24.4},2.7784504108196595,67.79419002399969]
["Total (Masse réelle)",{"$f":"SUM(B10:B20)","v":297.90000000000003},null,null,null,null,{"$f":"SUM(G14:G20)","v":297.89999999999998},{"$f":"AVERAGE(H14:H20)","v":12.927610764465927},{"$f":"SUM(I14:I20)","v":1680.2334301490366},{"$f":"I21/G21","v":5.6402599199363435}]
["Masse estimée par le modèle",{"$f":"SUM('11-Surface and mass calculation'!I23:I33)","v":294.89483831005828}]
["Ecart sur la masse totale",{"$f":"ABS(B21-B22)/B21","v":1.0087820375769579E-2}]

{"sheet":"12-Additional data","index":5,"n_rows":35,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":35,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,0,0,10],[1,1,6,9]]}
["Additional data"]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the production of the DBCThe obtention process of the DBC starts with the step of production of alumina substrate. Followed by this step is the production of copper foils that'll be bonded to the previous alumina substrate through the process of direct copper bonding. The DBC is then etched through the process of photolithography and the top copper surface is cleaned for the nickel electroplating step.The final product is illustrated by the picture on the right of this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is explained below."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Collected data",null,null,null,null," Data extracted from Chalmers"]
["Experimental values ","Dynex","Semitrans3","Mean",null,"Chalmer's hypothesis","Value"]
["Baseplate hole diameter",6.89,7.54,{"$f":"AVERAGE(B10:C10)/1000","v":7.2150000000000001E-3},null,"DCB foils, substrate coverage pre-ecthing",0.95]
["Baseplate lengthwise edge distance with DBC",5.87,3.96,4.9150000000000001E-3,null,"Etched side, coverage after ecthing",0.85]
["Baseplate widthwise edge distance with DBC",17.89,11.94,1.4914999999999999E-2,null,"Nickel layer thickn., foils and basepl. [m]",3.0000000000000001E-6]
["Control terminal tickness ",0.55000000000000004,0.51,5.2999999999999998E-4,null,"Nickel layer thickness, on terminals [m]",1.5E-6]
["Control terminals length",25.93,30.43,2.818E-2,null,"Gold layer thickness, on terminals [m]",1.5E-6]
["Control terminals width",2.8,2.93,2.8650000000000004E-3,null,"Zinc layer thickness, on steel parts [m]",1.5E-5]
["Dies thickness",0.53500000000000003,0.39,4.6250000000000002E-4,null,"Alumina substrate thickness [m]",5.0000000000000001E-4]
["Frame Edge distance from the edge of the baseplate",4.0599999999999996,6.42,5.2399999999999999E-3]
["Frame thickness",3.25,2.95,3.0999999999999999E-3]
["Lid height",33.299999999999997,26.2,2.9749999999999999E-2]
["Lid interior height",{"$f":"23.4-3.13","v":20.27},{"$f":"20.75-2.3","v":18.45},1.9359999999999999E-2]
["Lid Thickness",3.13,2.2999999999999998,2.715E-3]
["Nuts exterior diameter",8.84,11.02,9.9299999999999996E-3]
["Nuts interior diameter",4.09,5.04,4.5649999999999996E-3]
["Nuts thickness",3.8,4.74,4.2699999999999995E-3]
["Power terminals hole diameter ",6.5,8.4,7.45E-3]
["Power terminals length",40.299999999999997,{"$f":"23.6+10.3+20","v":53.900000000000006},4.7100000000000003E-2]
["Power terminals thickness",1.65,0.91,1.2800000000000001E-3]
["Power terminals width",10.4,13.83,1.2115000000000001E-2]
["Silicone adhesive thickness",0.44,0.77,6.0499999999999996E-4]
["Silicone gel filling rate",{"$f":"7/B20","v":0.34533793783917122},{"$f":"5.4/C20","v":0.29268292682926833},{"$f":"AVERAGE(B30:C30)","v":0.31901043233421977}]
["Washers exterior diameter","x",10.87,{"$f":"AVERAGE(Tableau1[[#This Row],[Semitrans3]])/1000","v":1.0869999999999999E-2}]
["Washers interior diameter","x",6.45,{"$f":"AVERAGE(Tableau1[[#This Row],[Semitrans3]])/1000","v":6.45E-3}]
["Washers thickness","x",4,{"$f":"AVERAGE(Tableau1[[#This Row],[Semitrans3]])/1000","v":4.0000000000000001E-3}]
["Wire bonds radius",{"$f":"0.36/2","v":0.18},0.18,{"$f":"AVERAGE(B34:C34)/1000","v":1.7999999999999998E-4}]
["W Frame edge distance from baseplate widthwise",9.8000000000000007,10.23,1.0015000000000001E-2]

{"sheet":"11-Surface and mass calculation","index":6,"n_rows":38,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":38,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,0,0,8],[1,1,6,9]]}
["Masses and surfaces calculation "]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the production of the DBCThe obtention process of the DBC starts with the step of production of alumina substrate. Followed by this step is the production of copper foils that'll be bonded to the previous alumina substrate through the process of direct copper bonding. The DBC is then etched through the process of photolithography and the top copper surface is cleaned for the nickel electroplating step.The final product is illustrated by the picture on the right of this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is explained below."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["DBC","Values",null,null,"Baseplate","Values",null,"Density [kg/m3]","Values"]
["DCB substrate, area [m2]",{"$f":"'01-User input'!D11*'01-User input'!D12*'01-User input'!D13","v":3.5204289000000007E-3},null,null,"Baseplate area  [m2]",{"$f":"'01-User input'!D45*'01-User input'!D46-PI()*'01-User input'!D49*('01-User input'!D48/2)^2","v":5.8364605459663831E-3},null,"SnAg solder ",7400]
["Copper in DCB [g]",{"$f":"1000*(Tableau3[[#This Row],[Value]]+'12-Additional data'!G11)*B9*I13*'01-User input'!D14","v":17.03324318976},null,null,"Copper in baseplate [g]",{"$f":"1000*F9*'01-User input'!D47*I13","v":162.11352812476227},null,"PPS density",1660]
["Copper lost in etching [g]",{"$f":"1000*('12-Additional data'!G10-'12-Additional data'!G11)*B9*'01-User input'!D14*I13","v":0.94629128831999976},null,null,"Baseplate area for nickel plating [m2]",{"$f":"F9*2","v":1.1672921091932766E-2},null,"steel density ",7850]
["Total foil area for nickel plating [m2]",{"$f":"1.01*(B9*'12-Additional data'!G10+B9*'12-Additional data'!G11)","v":6.4001397402000011E-3},null,null,"Nickel on baseplate [g]",{"$f":"F11*I14*Tableau3[[#This Row],[Value]]*1000","v":0.31166699315460489},null,"Alumina substrate density",3800]
["Nickel on dbc [g]",{"$f":"B12*'12-Additional data'!G12*I14*1000","v":0.17088373106334004},null,null,null,null,null,"Copper ",8960]
[null,null,null,null,"Contacts","Values",null,"Nickel",8900]
["Silicone gel","Values",null,null,"Auxiliary_terminals area for plating [m2]",{"$f":"'01-User input'!D53*'01-User input'!D54*'01-User input'!D56*2","v":6.4588560000000011E-4},null,"Gold",19300]
["Longeur interieure capot",{"$f":"'01-User input'!D82-2*'01-User input'!D84","v":9.4570000000000001E-2},null,null,"Nickel in aux_terminals [g]",{"$f":"F15*1000*I14*'12-Additional data'!G13","v":8.6225727600000024E-3},null,"Zinc",7130]
["largeur int capot",{"$f":"'01-User input'!D83-2*'01-User input'!D84","v":5.457E-2},null,null,"Copper in auxiliary terminals  [g]",{"$f":"F15/2*I13*1000*'01-User input'!D55","v":1.5335907686400003},null,"Silicon",2330]
["Hauteur intérieur capot",{"$f":"'01-User input'!D85-'01-User input'!D84","v":2.7035E-2},null,null,"Gold on terminals [g]",{"$f":"1000*F15*I15*'12-Additional data'!G14","v":1.8698388119999999E-2},null,"AlSiC",3000]
["Silicone gel [g]",{"$f":"(B16*B17*'01-User input'!D42*B18)*1000*Tableau34[[#This Row],[Values]]","v":31.155637520461646},null,null,null,null,null,"Silicon gel",700]
[null,null,null,null,"Frame and lid ","Values"]
[null,null,null,null,"Total plastic surface",{"$f":"('01-User input'!D89*'01-User input'!D90*'01-User input'!D91+'01-User input'!D82*'01-User input'!D83*'01-User input'!D86+(2*'01-User input'!D82+2*'01-User input'!D83)*'01-User input'!D85*'01-User input'!D84)*1000*I10","v":61.318664702399992},null,"Summary of masses "]
["Solder","Values",null,null,"Plastic in frame and lid",{"$f":"0.68*F21","v":41.696691997632001},null,"Substances","Estimated masses [g]"]
["Solder in DCB [g]",{"$f":"1000*B9*I9*'01-User input'!D94","v":2.6051173860000008},null,null,"Diantimony trioxyde",{"$f":"0.035*F21","v":2.146153264584},null,"Aluminium oxide",{"$f":"B9*I12*1000*'01-User input'!D15","v":6.6888149100000014}]
["Solder in chip [g]",{"$f":"1000*I9*F32*'01-User input'!D94","v":0.54996922593333319},null,null,"Glassfiber",{"$f":"0.285*F21","v":17.475819440183997},null,"Copper",{"$f":"F17+F29+F10+Tableau11[Value]","v":181.89904890866723}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Doped silicon",{"$f":"F33","v":0.80089268526541657}]
["Screws and washers","Values",null,null,"Power terminals","Values",null,"Gold (coating)",{"$f":"F18","v":1.8698388119999999E-2}]
["Steel surface area for galvanization [m2]",{"$f":"(B28+B29)*2","v":5.4701411284305485E-4},null,null,"Power terminal area for plating nickel [m2]",{"$f":"('01-User input'!D58*'01-User input'!D59*'01-User input'!D61-PI()*'01-User input'!D61*('01-User input'!D62/2)^2)*2","v":3.1367081306161991E-3},null,"Nickel (coating)",{"$f":"F12+F16+F28+B13","v":0.53304835052167121}]
["Screws surface for galvanisation ",{"$f":"PI()*('01-User input'!D34^2-('01-User input'!D34-0.002)^2)*'01-User input'!D33","v":1.4947697845780236E-4},null,null,"Nickel in power terminals[g]",{"$f":"F27*'12-Additional data'!G13*I14*1000","v":4.1875053543726261E-2},null,"Solder ",{"$f":"B23+B24","v":3.1550866119333341}]
["Washers surface for galvanisation ",{"$f":"PI()*('01-User input'!D38^2-('01-User input'!D38-0.001)^2)*'01-User input'!D37","v":1.2403007796372507E-4},null,null,"Copper in power terminals [g]",{"$f":"(F27/2)*'01-User input'!D60*I13*1000","v":17.987139104205532},null,"Low-alloy carbon steel",{"$f":"B30","v":8.9049380274772734}]
["Low-alloy carbon steel",{"$f":"(B28*'01-User input'!D35+B29*'01-User input'!D39)*1000*I11","v":8.9049380274772734},null,null,null,null,null,"Zinc (coating)",{"$f":"B27*'12-Additional data'!G15*1000","v":8.2052116926458231E-6}]
[null,null,null,null,"Dies","Values",null,"Plastic total",{"$f":"F21","v":61.318664702399992}]
["Wire bonds","Value",null,null,"Total chip area [m2]",{"$f":"'01-User input'!D66*'01-User input'!D67*'01-User input'!D68+'01-User input'!D71*'01-User input'!D72*'01-User input'!D73","v":7.4320165666666655E-4},null,"Silicone adhesive",{"$f":"'01-User input'!D94*'01-User input'!D82*'01-User input'!D83*1000*I19","v":0.42000000000000004}]
["Copper in wires [g]",{"$f":"1000*I13*('01-User input'!D19*'01-User input'!D21*PI()*'01-User input'!D20^2+'01-User input'!D23*'01-User input'!D25*PI()*'01-User input'!D24^2)","v":0.26479091105942765},null,null,"Doped silicon",{"$f":"F32*1000*'01-User input'!D69*I17","v":0.80089268526541657},null,"Silicone gel",{"$f":"B19","v":31.155637520461646}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"DBC",{"$f":"I23+B10","v":23.722058099760002}]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"24.4-I23","v":17.711185089999997}]

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["Manufacturing of Direct Copper Bonding(DBC)"]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the production of the DBC.The obtention process of the DBC starts with the step of production of alumina substrate. Followed by this step is the production of copper foils that'll be bonded to the previous alumina substrate through the process of direct copper bonding. The DBC is then etched through the process of photolithography and the top copper surface is cleaned for the nickel electroplating step. The final product is illustrated by the picture below this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is also explained below."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,"Illustration :"]
["Legend : ",null,"Inflows"]
[null,null,"Outflows"]
[null,"within system boundary "]
[null,"sorties pour ACV"]
[null,null,"Seulement la face superieure est nickel plated"]
[]
["Ceramic substrate production"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Aluminium oxide","kg",1.92,{"$f":"FIXED(F29*E18,1-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F29*E18)))),FALSE)","v":"0,007"},"Yuping et al. (2000)","Aluminium oxide",null,1.2541963802979099,"2, 4, 5, 3, 3"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",21,{"$f":"FIXED(F29*E19,2-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F29*E19)))),FALSE)","v":"0,074"},"Adj. from Hart et al. (2000)","Electricity, optional",null,1.2541963802979088,"2, 4, 5, 3, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Ammonium polyacrylate","kg",{"$f":"35*0.001","v":3.5000000000000003E-2},{"$f":"TEXT(FIXED(F29*E20,2-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F29*E20)))),FALSE),\"0.0E+00\")","v":"0.1E-04"},"Yuping et al. (2000)","Acrylic dispersion, w/w water, in 65% sol. st.","AA",1.2541963802979088,"2, 4, 5, 3, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Glycerin","kg",0.17,{"$f":"TEXT(FIXED(F29*E21,2-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F29*E21)))),FALSE),\"0.0E+00\")","v":"0.6E-04"},"Yuping et al. (2000)","Glycerine",null,1.2541963802979088,"2, 4, 5, 3, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Polyvinyl alcohol","kg",0.14000000000000001,{"$f":"TEXT(FIXED(F29*E22,2-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F29*E22)))),FALSE),\"0.0E+00\")","v":"0.5E-04"},"Yuping et al. (2000)","Acrylic binder, w/w water, in 34% sol. state","BB",1.2541963802979088,"2, 4, 5, 3, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Pure water","kg",1.22,{"$f":"FIXED(F29*E23,2-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F29*E23)))),FALSE)","v":"0,0043"},"Yuping et al. (2000)","Water, ultrapure ",null,1.2541963802979088,"2, 4, 5, 3, 3"]
["Natural environment","Emission to air","Ammonia","kg",{"$f":"7.1*0.001","v":7.0999999999999995E-3},{"$f":"TEXT(FIXED(F29*E24,2-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F29*E24)))),FALSE),\"0.0E+00\")","v":"2.5E-06"},"Vanderbilt (2014), Haynes (2016)","Ammonia",null,1.2525313767793651,"2, 4, 1, 3, 3"]
["Natural environment","Emission to air","Carbon dioxide","kg",{"$f":"77*0.001","v":7.6999999999999999E-2},{"$f":"TEXT(FIXED(F29*E25,2-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F29*E25)))),FALSE),\"0.0E+00\")","v":"0.3E-04"},"ScienceLab (2013b, d), Haynes (2016)","Carbon dioxide",null,1.1121570947719619,"2, 4, 1, 3, 3"]
["Natural environment","Emission to air","Carbon monoxide","kg",{"$f":"49*0.001","v":4.9000000000000002E-2},{"$f":"TEXT(FIXED(F29*E26,2-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F29*E26)))),FALSE),\"0.0E+00\")","v":"0.2E-04"},"ScienceLab (2013b, d), Haynes (2016)","Carbon monoxide",null,2.2542888255346831,"2, 4, 1, 3, 3"]
["Natural environment","Emission to air","VOC","kg",{"$f":"28*0.001","v":2.8000000000000001E-2},{"$f":"TEXT(FIXED(F29*E27,2-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F29*E27)))),FALSE),\"0.0E+00\")","v":"9.9E-06"},"Vanderbilt (2014), Haynes (2016)","NMVOC",null,1.2525313767793651,"2, 4, 1, 3, 3"]
["Technosphere","Solid waste","Slurry waste","kg",0.38,{"$f":"TEXT(FIXED(F29*E28,2-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F29*E28)))),FALSE),\"0.0E+00\")","v":"1.3E-04"},"European Comission (2007)","Hazardous waste, for incineration","CC",1.1222388081559769,"2, 4, 3, 3, 3"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Alumina substrate","m²",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!B9","v":3.5204289000000007E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Copper foils production"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Copper, slab, for sheet rolling","kg",1,{"$f":"F37","v":1.7033243189759999E-2},"Reference units, see model report.","Copper",null,1.0637991288100537,"2, 4, 1, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Sheet rolling of copper","kWh",1,{"$f":"F37","v":1.7033243189759999E-2},"Classen et al. (2009)","Sheet rolling, copper"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Average machine workin of copper","kg",1,{"$f":"F37","v":1.7033243189759999E-2},"Steiner and Frischknecht (2007)","Metal working, average for copper product manufacturing"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Copper foils","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!B10/1000","v":1.7033243189759999E-2},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Direct bonded copper",null,"Flows scaling to: m² of DCB substrate area"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within system boundary","Sub-component input","Alumina substrate","m²",1,{"$f":"F29","v":3.5204289000000007E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow",null,1.0384707228569481,"1, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Extended system","Sub-component input","Copper foils (ready-made, 500 µm thick)","kg",{"$f":"F43/F53","v":4.8383999999999991},{"$f":"F37","v":1.7033243189759999E-2},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow",null,1.0384707228569481,"1, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity, cleaning","kWh",1,{"$f":"TEXT(FIXED(F53*E44,1-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F53*E44)))),FALSE), \"0E+00\")","v":"4E-03"},"Ning et al. (2003), TM (2010)","Electricity, optional","AA",1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity, furnace","kWh",59,{"$f":"FIXED(F53*E45,2)","v":"0,21"},"Est. from Franz and Weilguni (2011)","Electricity, optional",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity, ventilation","kWh",15,{"$f":"FIXED(F53*E46,2)","v":"0,05"},"Adapted from Aros data, see 5.1.3.","Electricity, optional","BB",1.1046170830204174,"2, 3, 1, 3, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Acetone","kg",{"$f":"90*0.001","v":0.09},{"$f":"FIXED(F53*E47,1-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F53*E47)))),FALSE)","v":"0,0003"},"Ning et al. (2003), TM (2010)","Acetone, liquid",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Deionized water","kg",0.8,{"$f":"TEXT(FIXED(F53*E48,1-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F53*E48)))),FALSE), \"0E+00\")","v":"3E-03"},"Ning et al. (2003), TM (2010)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user ",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Hydrochloric acid","kg",{"$f":"150*0.001","v":0.15},{"$f":"F53*E49","v":5.2806433500000003E-4},"Tank volume from TM (2010)","Hydrochloric acid, w/w, in 30% sol. state",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Isopropanol","kg",{"$f":"260*0.001","v":0.26},{"$f":"FIXED(F53*E50,1-(1+INT(LOG10(ABS(F53*E50)))),FALSE)","v":"0,0009"},"Ning et al. (2003), TM (2010)","Isopropanol ",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Nitrogen","kg",175,{"$f":"FIXED(F53*E51,1)","v":"0,6"},"Ghasemi et al. (2008)","Nitrogen, liquid",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Waste solvents, conc. share of dilution","kg",0.5,{"$f":"F53*E52","v":1.7602144500000003E-3},"Calculated","Spent solvent mixture","CC",1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","DCB, before etching","m²",1,{"$f":"F29","v":3.5204289000000007E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Photolithographic regenerative etching of the upper copper foil of the DCB",null,null,null,null,null,"Flows scaling to: kg of copper removed"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within system boundary","Sub-component input","Copper in upper foil to be removed","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!B11/1000","v":9.4629128831999975E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow","BB",1.0525699591112763,"2, 3, 2, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",0.2,{"$f":"E59*F58","v":1.8925825766399996E-4},"Chemcut (2010)","Electricity, optional",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Chlorine gas","kg",1.1000000000000001,{"$f":"E60*F58","v":1.0409204171519999E-3},"Chemcut (2012)","Chlorine, gaseous",null,1.2539886685866701,"3, 3, 4, 2, 4"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Hydrochloric acid","kg",0.9,{"$f":"E61*F58","v":8.5166215948799984E-4},"Chemcut (2010)","Hydrochloric acid, w/w, in 30% sol. state",null,1.2539886685866701,"3, 3, 4, 2, 4"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Water","kg",6.6,{"$f":"E62*F58","v":6.2455225029119984E-3},"Chemcut (2012)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user ",null,1.2539886685866701,"3, 3, 4, 2, 4"]
["Technosphere","Solid waste","Cupric chloride","kg",2.1,{"$f":"E63*F58","v":1.9872117054719994E-3},"Calculated, Haynes (2016)","Cupric chloride, for recycling","This link to Ecoinvent is not adaptd anymore. The data is absent in the database",1.2539886685866701,"3, 3, 4, 2, 4"]
[]
["Cleaning of metal surfaces before electroplating"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Extended system","Unaltered sub-component input","DCB, patterned (not plated)","m²",1,{"$f":"F29","v":3.5204289000000007E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",0.42,{"$f":"E69*F68","v":1.4785801380000003E-3},"Moing et al. (2009)","Electricity, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Caustic soda","kg",{"$f":"10*0.001","v":0.01},{"$f":"E70*F68","v":3.5204289000000008E-5},"Moing et al. (2009)","Sodium hydroxide, without water",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Sulfuric acid","kg",{"$f":"18*0.001","v":1.8000000000000002E-2},{"$f":"E71*F68","v":6.3367720200000025E-5},"Moing et al. (2009)","Sulfuric acid",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",16,{"$f":"E72*F68","v":5.6326862400000011E-2},"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m³",{"$f":"16*0.001","v":1.6E-2},{"$f":"E73*F68","v":5.6326862400000014E-5},"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","DCB, patterned, cleaned for plating","m²",1,{"$f":"F68","v":3.5204289000000007E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Electroplating nickel on copper and brass parts",null,null,"Flows scaling to: kg of nickel"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Nickel","kg",{"$f":"1053*0.001","v":1.0529999999999999},{"$f":"(F83*E79)","v":1.7994056880969703E-4},"Calculated from bath efficiency","Nickel, 99.5%","Nickel, 99.5%",1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",4.8,{"$f":"F83*E80","v":8.2024190910403216E-4},"Modified from Moing et al. (2009)","Electricity, optional","Electricity, optional",1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Natural environment","Emission to air","Nickel","kg",{"$f":"42*0.000001","v":4.1999999999999998E-5},{"$f":"(F83*E81)","v":7.1771167046602805E-9},"Moing et al. (2009)","Nickel, unspecified","Nickel, unspecified",2.2466937618201364,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Solid waste","Sludge, dry content","kg",{"$f":"53*0.001","v":5.2999999999999999E-2},{"$f":"(F83*E82)","v":9.0568377463570208E-6},"Calculated","Hazardous waste, optional","Hazardous waste, optional",1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Nickel, in plated layer","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!B13/1000","v":1.7088373106334003E-4},null,"Internal flow","Internal flow"]
[]
[null,null,null,"Flows scaling to: m² of plated area"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Nickel, in plated layers","m²",1,{"$f":"F83","v":1.7088373106334003E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Sub-component input","DCB, patterned, cleaned for plating","m²",1,{"$f":"F74","v":3.5204289000000007E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",8,{"$f":"E90*F89","v":2.8163431200000005E-2},"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Natural environment","Emission to water","Nickel, in sulfamate","kg",{"$f":"0.4*0.000001","v":3.9999999999999998E-7},{"$f":"E91*F89","v":1.4081715600000002E-9},"Moing et al. (2009)","Nickel, ion",null,2.2466937618201364,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m³",{"$f":"8*0.001","v":8.0000000000000002E-3},{"$f":"E92*F89","v":2.8163431200000007E-5},"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","DCB substrate, patterned, nickel plated","m²",1,{"$f":"F89","v":3.5204289000000007E-3},null,"Internal flow"]

{"sheet":"03-Baseplate","index":8,"n_rows":51,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":51,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[92,11,92,12],[72,8,73,8],[72,9,72,10],[92,1,93,1],[92,5,92,8],[92,10,93,10],[72,0,73,0],[72,1,73,1],[72,2,73,2],[72,3,72,5],[72,7,73,7],[52,8,53,8],[52,9,52,10],[63,0,64,0],[63,1,64,1],[63,2,64,2],[63,3,63,5],[63,7,64,7],[63,8,64,8],[63,9,63,10],[52,0,53,0],[52,1,53,1],[52,2,53,2],[52,3,52,5],[52,7,53,7],[42,3,42,5],[42,9,42,10],[43,0,44,0],[43,1,44,1],[43,2,44,2],[43,3,43,5],[43,7,44,7],[43,8,44,8],[43,9,43,10],[23,8,24,8],[23,9,23,10],[34,0,35,0],[34,1,35,1],[34,2,35,2],[34,3,34,5],[34,7,35,7],[34,8,35,8],[34,9,34,10],[23,0,24,0],[23,1,24,1],[23,2,24,2],[23,3,23,5],[23,7,24,7],[0,0,0,14],[1,1,6,9],[7,5,13,8],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,16,1],[15,2,16,2],[15,3,15,5],[15,7,16,7],[15,8,16,8],[15,9,15,10]]}
["Manufacturing of baseplate"]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the production of the baseplate. The obtention process of the baseplate starts with the step of production of the copper plate. The follow-up is the cleaning step which prepares the baseplate for the nickel electroplating. The final product is illustrated by the picture below this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is also explained below."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,"Illustration :"]
["Legend : ",null,"Inflows"]
[null,null,"Outflows"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Les 2 faces sont nickel plated"]
[]
["Production of copper plate "]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Copper, slab, for sheet rolling","kg",1,{"$f":"F21","v":0.16211352812476226},"Reference units, see model report.","Copper",null,1.0637991288100537,"2, 4, 1, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Sheet rolling of copper","kWh",1,{"$f":"F21","v":0.16211352812476226},"Classen et al. (2009)","Sheet rolling, copper"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Average machine workin of copper","kg",1,{"$f":"F21","v":0.16211352812476226},"Steiner and Frischknecht (2007)","Metal working, average for copper product manufacturing"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Copper foils, contacts, plates, bus bar","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F10/1000","v":0.16211352812476226},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Cleaning of metal surfaces before electroplating"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Extended system","Unaltered sub-component input","Baseplate(not plated)","m²",1,{"$f":"F32","v":1.1672921091932766E-2}]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",0.42,{"$f":"E27*F26","v":4.9026268586117618E-3},"Moing et al. (2009)","Electricity, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Caustic soda","kg",{"$f":"10*0.001","v":0.01},{"$f":"E28*F26","v":1.1672921091932767E-4},"Moing et al. (2009)","Sodium hydroxide, without water",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Sulfuric acid","kg",{"$f":"18*0.001","v":1.8000000000000002E-2},{"$f":"E29*F26","v":2.1011257965478981E-4},"Moing et al. (2009)","Sulfuric acid",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",16,{"$f":"E30*F26","v":0.18676673747092426},"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m3",16,{"$f":"E31*F26/1000","v":1.8676673747092425E-4},"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Baseplate,cleaned for plating","m²",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F11","v":1.1672921091932766E-2}]
[]
["Electroplating nickel on copper and brass parts",null,null,"Flows scaling to: kg of nickel"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Nickel","kg",{"$f":"1053*0.001","v":1.0529999999999999},{"$f":"E37*F$41","v":3.2818534379179895E-4},"Calculated from bath efficiency","Nickel, 99.5%",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",4.8,1.4960015671421033E-3,"Modified from Moing et al. (2009)","Electricity, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Natural environment","Emission to air","Nickel","kg",{"$f":"42*0.000001","v":4.1999999999999998E-5},1.3090013712493405E-8,"Moing et al. (2009)","Nickel, unspecified","AA",2.2466937618201364,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Solid waste","Sludge, dry content","kg",{"$f":"53*0.001","v":5.2999999999999999E-2},1.6518350637194057E-5,"Calculated","Hazardous waste, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Nickel, in plated layer","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F12/1000","v":3.1166699315460488E-4},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
[null,null,null,"Flows scaling to: m² of plated area"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Nickel, in plated layers","m²",1,{"$f":"F41","v":3.1166699315460488E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Baseplate,cleaned for plating","m²",1,{"$f":"F32","v":1.1672921091932766E-2},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",8,{"$f":"E48*F$51","v":9.338336873546213E-2},"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Natural environment","Emission to water","Nickel, in sulfamate","kg",{"$f":"0.4*0.000001","v":3.9999999999999998E-7},4.669168436773106E-9,"Moing et al. (2009)","Nickel, ion",null,2.2466937618201364,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m³",{"$f":"8*0.001","v":8.0000000000000002E-3},9.3383368735462137E-5,"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Baseplate,nickel plated","m²",1,{"$f":"F47","v":1.1672921091932766E-2}]

{"sheet":"04-Semiconductors","index":9,"n_rows":20,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":20,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[21,1,22,1],[21,5,21,8],[21,10,22,10],[21,11,21,12],[0,0,0,14],[1,1,6,9],[7,5,13,8],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,16,1],[15,2,16,2],[15,3,15,5],[15,7,16,7],[15,8,16,8],[15,9,15,10]]}
["Manufacturing of semiconductors"]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the production of the IGBT chips. This process is not very representative of semicondutors used in the field of power electronics but is the only available data today in EcoInvent database. The final product is illustrated by the picture below this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is also explained below."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,"Illustration :"]
["Legend : ",null,"Inflows"]
[null,null,"Outflows"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Fabrication of IGBT chips (for the power module)"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Sub-component input","Silicon wafer, for power module IGBT chips","m²",1,{"$f":"F20","v":7.4320165666666655E-4},"Calculated from mass scaling","Wafer production, fabricated, for IC",null,1.0460278599087169,"2, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity for dicing wafer into chips","Wh",0,0,"Scholland and Dillon (2012)","Estimated as negligible"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Diced IGBT chips, for power module ass.","m²",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F32","v":7.4320165666666655E-4},null,"Internal flow"]

{"sheet":"05-Contacts","index":10,"n_rows":79,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":79,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[71,9,71,10],[71,0,72,0],[71,1,72,1],[71,2,72,2],[71,3,71,5],[71,7,72,7],[71,8,72,8],[53,9,53,10],[62,0,63,0],[62,1,63,1],[62,2,63,2],[62,3,62,5],[62,7,63,7],[62,8,63,8],[62,9,62,10],[53,0,54,0],[53,1,54,1],[53,2,54,2],[53,3,53,5],[53,7,54,7],[53,8,54,8],[34,9,34,10],[42,3,42,5],[42,9,42,10],[43,0,44,0],[43,1,44,1],[43,2,44,2],[43,3,43,5],[43,7,44,7],[43,8,44,8],[43,9,43,10],[34,0,35,0],[34,1,35,1],[34,2,35,2],[34,3,34,5],[34,7,35,7],[34,8,35,8],[23,9,23,10],[21,5,21,8],[21,10,22,10],[21,11,21,12],[23,0,24,0],[23,1,24,1],[23,2,24,2],[23,3,23,5],[23,7,24,7],[23,8,24,8],[0,0,0,14],[1,1,6,9],[7,5,13,8],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,16,1],[15,2,16,2],[15,3,15,5],[15,7,16,7],[15,8,16,8],[15,9,15,10]]}
["Manufacturing of auxiliary terminals"]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the production of the contacts(control or auxiliary terminals).The obtention process starts with the step of production of copper contacts. Followed by this step is the cleaning step for nickel electroplating first. The new electroplated surface is then activated through a cleaning proces for gold electroplating process.The final product is illustrated by the picture below this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is also explained below."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,"Illustration :"]
["Legend : ",null,"Inflows"]
[null,null,"Outflows"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Les 2 faces sont plated"]
[]
["Production of copper contacts"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Copper, slab, for sheet rolling","kg",1,{"$f":"F21","v":1.5335907686400004E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Copper",null,1.0637991288100537,"2, 4, 1, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Sheet rolling of copper","kWh",1,{"$f":"F21","v":1.5335907686400004E-3},"Classen et al. (2009)","Sheet rolling, copper"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Average machine workin of copper","kg",1,{"$f":"F21","v":1.5335907686400004E-3},"Steiner and Frischknecht (2007)","Metal working, average for copper product manufacturing"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Copper foils, contacts, plates, bus bar","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F17/1000","v":1.5335907686400004E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Cleaning of metal surfaces before electroplating"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Extended system","Unaltered sub-component input","Contacts (not plated)","m²",1,{"$f":"F32","v":6.4588560000000011E-4}]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",0.42,{"$f":"E27*F$32","v":2.7127195200000006E-4},"Moing et al. (2009)","Electricity, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Caustic soda","kg",{"$f":"10*0.001","v":0.01},6.4588560000000014E-6,"Moing et al. (2009)","Sodium hydroxide, without water",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Sulfuric acid","kg",{"$f":"18*0.001","v":1.8000000000000002E-2},1.1625940800000004E-5,"Moing et al. (2009)","Sulfuric acid",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",16,1.0334169600000002E-2,"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m3",{"$f":"16/1000","v":1.6E-2},1.0334169600000002E-5,"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Contacts,cleaned for plating","m²",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F15","v":6.4588560000000011E-4}]
[]
["Electroplating nickel on copper and brass parts",null,null,"Flows scaling to: kg of nickel"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Nickel","kg",{"$f":"1053*0.001","v":1.0529999999999999},{"$f":"E37*F$41","v":9.0795691162800025E-6},"Calculated from bath efficiency","Nickel, 99.5%",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",4.8,4.1388349248000011E-5,"Modified from Moing et al. (2009)","Electricity, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Natural environment","Emission to air","Nickel","kg",{"$f":"42*0.000001","v":4.1999999999999998E-5},3.6214805592000011E-10,"Moing et al. (2009)","Nickel, unspecified","AA",2.2466937618201364,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Solid waste","Sludge, dry content","kg",{"$f":"53*0.001","v":5.2999999999999999E-2},4.5699635628000013E-7,"Calculated","Hazardous waste, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Nickel, in plated layer","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F16/1000","v":8.6225727600000031E-6},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
[null,null,null,"Flows scaling to: m² of plated area"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Nickel, in plated layers","m²",1,{"$f":"F41","v":8.6225727600000031E-6},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Contacts, cleaned for plating","m²",1,{"$f":"F32","v":6.4588560000000011E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",8,{"$f":"E48*F$51","v":5.1670848000000009E-3},"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Natural environment","Emission to water","Nickel, in sulfamate","kg",{"$f":"0.4*0.000001","v":3.9999999999999998E-7},2.5835424000000001E-10,"Moing et al. (2009)","Nickel, ion",null,2.2466937618201364,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m³",{"$f":"8*0.001","v":8.0000000000000002E-3},5.1670848000000008E-6,"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Contacts,nickel plated","m²",1,{"$f":"F47","v":6.4588560000000011E-4}]
[]
["Cleaning (activating) of nickel surface before gold electroplating"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Extended system","Unaltered sub-component input","Nickel plated contacts (auxiliary terminals)","m²",1,{"$f":"F51","v":6.4588560000000011E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Hydrochloric acid","kg",2.1999999999999999E-2,{"$f":"E57*F$60","v":1.4209483200000002E-5},"Moing et al. (2009)","Hydrochloric acid, w/w, in 30% sol. state",null,1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",8,5.1670848000000009E-3,"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user","AA",1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m³",8.0000000000000002E-3,5.1670848000000008E-6,"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Nickel plated contacts, cleaned","m²",1,{"$f":"F56","v":6.4588560000000011E-4},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Electroplating gold on nickel plated terminals",null,null,"Flows scaling to: kg of gold"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Gold","kg",1.01,{"$f":"E65*F$69","v":1.8885372001199999E-5},"Calculated from bath efficiency","Gold",null,1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",6.9999999999999999E-4,1.3088871683999999E-8,"Calculated, see model report","Electricity, optional",null,1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Natural environment","Emission to air","Cyanide","kg",5.6000000000000001E-2,1.0471097347199999E-6,"US EPA (1996)","Cyanide, unspecified","AA",1.4393291754912196,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Solid waste","Sludge, dry content","kg",0.01,1.8698388119999998E-7,"Calculated","Hazardous waste, optional",null,1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Gold, in plated layer","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F18/1000","v":1.8698388119999999E-5},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Flows scaling to: m² of plated area"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Gold, in plated layer","m²",1,{"$f":"F69","v":1.8698388119999999E-5},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Sub-component input","Nickel plated contacts, cleaned","m²",1,{"$f":"F60","v":6.4588560000000011E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow",null,1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",8,{"$f":"E76*F$79","v":5.1670848000000009E-3},"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user","AA",1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Natural environment","Emission to water","Cyanide","kg",2.1999999999999999E-5,1.4209483200000002E-8,"Schlesinger and Paunovic (2010)","Cyanide, unspecified",null,1.7491479551458495,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m³",8.0000000000000002E-3,5.1670848000000008E-6,"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Gold plated contacts","m²",1,{"$f":"F75","v":6.4588560000000011E-4},null,"Internal flow"]

{"sheet":"06-Power terminals","index":11,"n_rows":51,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":51,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[34,9,34,10],[42,3,42,5],[42,9,42,10],[43,0,44,0],[43,1,44,1],[43,2,44,2],[43,3,43,5],[43,7,44,7],[43,8,44,8],[43,9,43,10],[34,0,35,0],[34,1,35,1],[34,2,35,2],[34,3,34,5],[34,7,35,7],[34,8,35,8],[21,5,21,8],[21,10,22,10],[21,11,21,12],[23,0,24,0],[23,1,24,1],[23,2,24,2],[23,3,23,5],[23,7,24,7],[23,8,24,8],[23,9,23,10],[0,0,0,14],[1,1,6,9],[7,5,13,8],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,16,1],[15,2,16,2],[15,3,15,5],[15,7,16,7],[15,8,16,8],[15,9,15,10]]}
["Manufacturing of power terminals"]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the production of the power terminals. The obtention process starts with the step of production of copper terminals. Followed by this step is the cleaning before the nickel electroplating step.The final product is illustrated by the picture below this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is also explained below."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,"Illustration :"]
["Legend : ",null,"Inflows"]
[null,null,"Outflows"]
[]
[]
[null,null,"Les 2 faces sont plated"]
[]
["Production of copper terminals"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Copper, slab, for sheet rolling","kg",1,{"$f":"F$21","v":1.7987139104205532E-2},"Reference units, see model report.","Copper",null,1.0637991288100537,"2, 4, 1, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Sheet rolling of copper","kWh",1,1.7987139104205532E-2,"Classen et al. (2009)","Sheet rolling, copper"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Average machine workin of copper","kg",1,1.7987139104205532E-2,"Steiner and Frischknecht (2007)","Metal working, average for copper product manufacturing"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Copper foils, contacts, plates, bus bar","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F29/1000","v":1.7987139104205532E-2},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Cleaning of metal surfaces before electroplating"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Extended system","Unaltered sub-component input","Power terminals (not plated)","m²",1,{"$f":"F32","v":3.1367081306161991E-3}]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",0.42,{"$f":"E27*F$32","v":1.3174174148588035E-3},"Moing et al. (2009)","Electricity, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Caustic soda","kg",{"$f":"10*0.001","v":0.01},3.1367081306161991E-5,"Moing et al. (2009)","Sodium hydroxide, without water",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Sulfuric acid","kg",{"$f":"18*0.001","v":1.8000000000000002E-2},5.6460746351091591E-5,"Moing et al. (2009)","Sulfuric acid",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",16,5.0187330089859185E-2,"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m3",{"$f":"16/1000","v":1.6E-2},5.0187330089859186E-5,"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Power terminals, cleaned for plating","m²",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F27","v":3.1367081306161991E-3}]
[]
["Electroplating nickel on copper and brass parts",null,null,"Flows scaling to: kg of nickel"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Nickel","kg",{"$f":"1053*0.001","v":1.0529999999999999},{"$f":"E37*F$41","v":4.4094431381543749E-5},"Calculated from bath efficiency","Nickel, 99.5%",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",4.8,2.0100025700988604E-4,"Modified from Moing et al. (2009)","Electricity, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Natural environment","Emission to air","Nickel","kg",{"$f":"42*0.000001","v":4.1999999999999998E-5},1.7587522488365027E-9,"Moing et al. (2009)","Nickel, unspecified","AA",2.2466937618201364,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Solid waste","Sludge, dry content","kg",{"$f":"53*0.001","v":5.2999999999999999E-2},2.2193778378174917E-6,"Calculated","Hazardous waste, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Nickel, in plated layer","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F28/1000","v":4.1875053543726258E-5},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
[null,null,null,"Flows scaling to: m² of plated area"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Nickel, in plated layers","m²",1,{"$f":"F41","v":4.1875053543726258E-5},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Power terminals, cleaned for plating","m²",1,{"$f":"F32","v":3.1367081306161991E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",8,{"$f":"E48*F$51","v":2.5093665044929592E-2},"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Natural environment","Emission to water","Nickel, in sulfamate","kg",{"$f":"0.4*0.000001","v":3.9999999999999998E-7},1.2546832522464795E-9,"Moing et al. (2009)","Nickel, ion",null,2.2466937618201364,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m³",{"$f":"8*0.001","v":8.0000000000000002E-3},2.5093665044929593E-5,"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Power terminals, nickel plated","m²",1,{"$f":"F47","v":3.1367081306161991E-3}]

{"sheet":"07-Frame and lid","index":12,"n_rows":26,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":26,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[21,5,21,8],[21,10,22,10],[21,11,21,12],[23,0,24,0],[23,1,24,1],[23,2,24,2],[23,3,23,5],[23,7,24,7],[23,8,24,8],[23,9,23,10],[0,0,0,14],[1,1,6,9],[7,5,13,8],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,16,1],[15,2,16,2],[15,3,15,5],[15,7,16,7],[15,8,16,8],[15,9,15,10]]}
["Manufacturing of frame and lid"]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the production of the frame and lid. A mixture of plastic and additives is made and used later for the injection molding step. The final product is illustrated by the picture below this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is also explained below."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,"Illustration :"]
["Legend : ",null,"Inflows"]
[null,null,"Outflows"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Frame and lid"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Polyphenylene sulfide, powder","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F22/1000","v":4.1696691997631999E-2},"Reference units, see model report.","Polyphenylene sulfide"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Diantimony trioxide","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F23/1000","v":2.1461532645840001E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Antimony"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Glass fiber","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F24/1000","v":1.7475819440183997E-2},"Reference units, see model report.","Glas fibre"]
["Extended system","Internal flow","Molding mixture (for frame and lid)","kg",1,{"$f":"Tableau10[[#This Row],[Values]]/1000","v":6.1318664702399994E-2},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Injection molding of lid, frame and gland inserts"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Molded frame and lid","kg",{"$f":"1/0.994","v":1.0060362173038229},{"$f":"F21","v":6.1318664702399994E-2},"Hischier (2007)","Injection moulding"]

{"sheet":"08-Wire bonds","index":13,"n_rows":20,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":20,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[20,11,20,12],[0,0,0,14],[1,1,6,9],[7,5,13,8],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,16,1],[15,2,16,2],[15,3,15,5],[15,7,16,7],[15,8,16,8],[15,9,15,10]]}
["Manufacturing of wire bonds"]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the production of the wire bonds. The main process is wire drawing of copper. The final product is illustrated by the picture below this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is also explained below. explained below."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,"Illustration :"]
["Legend : ",null,"Inflows"]
[null,null,"Outflows"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Production of copper wire"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Copper, slab, for wire drawing","kg",1,{"$f":"E18*F$20","v":2.6479091105942765E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Copper",null,null,"A checker"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Drawing of copper wire","kg",1,2.6479091105942765E-4,"Classen et al. (2009)","Wire drawing, copper"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Copper wire","kg",1,{"$f":"Tableau11[Value]/1000","v":2.6479091105942765E-4},null,"Internal flow"]

{"sheet":"09-Screws_washers","index":14,"n_rows":51,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":51,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[35,9,35,10],[42,3,42,5],[42,9,42,10],[43,0,44,0],[43,1,44,1],[43,2,44,2],[43,3,43,5],[43,7,44,7],[43,8,44,8],[43,9,43,10],[35,0,36,0],[35,1,36,1],[35,2,36,2],[35,3,35,5],[35,7,36,7],[35,8,36,8],[22,11,22,12],[24,0,25,0],[24,1,25,1],[24,2,25,2],[24,3,24,5],[24,7,25,7],[24,8,25,8],[24,9,24,10],[0,0,0,14],[1,1,6,9],[7,5,13,8],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,16,1],[15,2,16,2],[15,3,15,5],[15,7,16,7],[15,8,16,8],[15,9,15,10]]}
["Manufacturing of screws and washers"]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the production of the screws and washers. The obtention process starts with the step of production of the steel parts through the process of hot rolling. Then, the parts are cleaned for electrogalvanisation. The final product is illustrated by the picture below this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is also explained below."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,"Illustration :"]
["Legend : ",null,"Inflows"]
[null,null,"Outflows"]
[]
[null,null,"2 faces sont galvanisés pour chacun des 2"]
[]
[]
["Production of steel parts"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Low-alloy carbon steel, ingot","kg",1,{"$f":"F$22","v":8.9049380274772733E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Steel, low-alloyed",null,1.0637991288100537,"2, 4, 1, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Hot rolling of low-alloy carbon steel","kg",1,8.9049380274772733E-3,"Classen et al. (2009)","Hot rolling"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Section bar rolling of steel coil","kg",1,8.9049380274772733E-3,"Classen et al. (2009)","Section bar rolling, steel"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Average machine working of steel","kg",1,8.9049380274772733E-3,"Steiner and Frischknecht (2007)","Metal working, average for steel product manufacturing"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Steel screws and washers (not plated)","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!B30/1000","v":8.9049380274772733E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Cleaning of metal surfaces before electroplating"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Extended system","Unaltered sub-component input","Power terminals (not plated)","m²",1,{"$f":"F33","v":5.4701411284305485E-4}]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",0.42,{"$f":"E28*F$33","v":2.2974592739408303E-4},"Moing et al. (2009)","Electricity, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Caustic soda","kg",{"$f":"10*0.001","v":0.01},5.470141128430549E-6,"Moing et al. (2009)","Sodium hydroxide, without water",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Sulfuric acid","kg",{"$f":"18*0.001","v":1.8000000000000002E-2},9.8462540311749884E-6,"Moing et al. (2009)","Sulfuric acid",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",16,8.7522258054888776E-3,"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m3",16,8.7522258054888776E-3,"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.0793097188846854,"2, 4, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Screws and washers, cleaned for plating","m²",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!B27","v":5.4701411284305485E-4}]
[]
["Electro-galvanizing (zinc plating) of steel parts",null,null,"Flows scaling to: kg of zinc"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Zinc","kg",1.0529999999999999,{"$f":"E38*F$41","v":8.6400879123560516E-9},"Calculated from bath efficiency","Zinc",null,1.1218999999999999,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",4.3,3.5282410278377037E-8,"Calculated, see model report","Electricity, optional",null,1.1218999999999999,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Solid waste","Sludge, dry content","kg",5.2999999999999999E-2,4.3487621971022857E-10,"Calculated","Hazardous waste, optional","AA",1.1218999999999999,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Galvanization layer","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!I30/1000","v":8.2052116926458227E-9},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
[null,null,null,"Flows scaling to: m² of galvanized area"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per m²","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Galvanization layer","m²",1,{"$f":"F41","v":8.2052116926458227E-9},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Sub-component input","Cleaned terminals, screws and washers","m²",1,{"$f":"F33","v":5.4701411284305485E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow",null,1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Processing input","Water","kg",8,{"$f":"E48*F$51","v":4.3761129027444388E-3},"Moing et al. (2009)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Natural environment","Emission to water","Zinc","kg",4.0000000000000003E-7,2.1880564513722195E-10,"Schlesinger and Paunovic (2010)","Zinc, ion",null,2.2569578288850392,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Wastewater","m³",8.0000000000000002E-3,4.3761129027444385E-6,"Calculated","Wastewater, average",null,1.1218734375719384,"2, 4, 3, 2, 3"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Galvanized terminals, screws and washers","m²",1,{"$f":"F47","v":5.4701411284305485E-4},null,"Internal flow"]

{"sheet":"10-Assembly","index":15,"n_rows":134,"n_cols":11,"rows_kept":134,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[128,9,128,10],[128,0,129,0],[128,1,129,1],[128,2,129,2],[128,3,128,5],[128,7,129,7],[128,8,129,8],[113,9,113,10],[120,0,121,0],[120,1,121,1],[120,2,121,2],[120,3,120,5],[120,7,121,7],[120,8,121,8],[120,9,120,10],[113,0,114,0],[113,1,114,1],[113,2,114,2],[113,3,113,5],[113,7,114,7],[113,8,114,8],[96,9,96,10],[104,0,105,0],[104,1,105,1],[104,2,105,2],[104,3,104,5],[104,7,105,7],[104,8,105,8],[104,9,104,10],[96,0,97,0],[96,1,97,1],[96,2,97,2],[96,3,96,5],[96,7,97,7],[96,8,97,8],[78,8,79,8],[78,9,78,10],[87,0,88,0],[87,1,88,1],[87,2,88,2],[87,3,87,5],[87,7,88,7],[87,8,88,8],[87,9,87,10],[78,7,79,7],[72,6,73,6],[78,0,79,0],[78,1,79,1],[78,2,79,2],[78,3,78,5],[68,0,69,0],[68,1,69,1],[68,2,69,2],[68,3,68,5],[68,7,69,7],[68,8,69,8],[68,9,68,10],[50,9,50,10],[60,8,61,8],[60,9,60,10],[50,8,51,8],[60,0,61,0],[60,1,61,1],[60,2,61,2],[60,3,60,5],[60,7,61,7],[50,0,51,0],[50,1,51,1],[50,2,51,2],[50,3,50,5],[50,7,51,7],[39,8,40,8],[39,9,39,10],[27,0,28,0],[27,1,28,1],[27,2,28,2],[27,3,27,5],[27,7,28,7],[27,8,28,8],[27,9,27,10],[39,0,40,0],[39,1,40,1],[39,2,40,2],[39,3,39,5],[39,7,40,7],[0,0,0,14],[1,1,6,9],[7,5,13,8],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,16,1],[15,2,16,2],[15,3,15,5],[15,7,16,7],[15,8,16,8],[15,9,15,10]]}
["Assembly of power module"]
["Description :","This sheet presents the processes required for the assembly of all the parts of the power module. The DBC and baseplate go through vacuum cleaning process before their soldering together and also after soldering. The plastic frame is insatalled folowed by wiring steps and deposit of the terminals. There is the deposit of silicone gel before closing with the plastic lid The final product is illustrated by the picture below this textbox. The tables below are adapted from Nordelof et Al. (2019). Each of them represent a step of the production stage of the present component. A description of the flow, its property, quantity, reference source, link to EcoInvent 3 and the uncertainty assessment is given. The colored legend is also explained below."]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[null,null,null,null,"Illustration :"]
["Legend : ",null,"Inflows"]
[null,null,"Outflows"]
[]
[]
[]
[]
["Pre-solder cleaning, including vacuum baking (Baseplate)",null,null,null," Flows scaling to: m² of DCB or baseplate (area on one side – not total surface area)"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within system boundary","Unaltered sub-component input","Baseplate, nickel plated","m²",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F11","v":1.1672921091932766E-2},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity, furnace","kWh",31,{"$f":"E19*F$24","v":0.18093027692495789},"Est. from Franz and Weilguni (2011)","Electricity, optional",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity, ventilation","kWh",14,8.171044764352936E-2,"Adapted from Aros data, see 5.1.3.","Electricity, optional",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Deionized water","kg",0.09,5.2528144913697441E-4,"Ning et al. (2003), TM (2010)","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user ",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Isopropanol","kg",0.11,6.4201066005630219E-4,"Ning et al. (2003), TM (2010)","Isopropanol ",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Waste solvents, conc. share of dilution","kg",0.11,6.4201066005630219E-4,"Calculated","Spent solvent mixture",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Baseplate, cleaned and baked","m²",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F9","v":5.8364605459663831E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Soldering of the power module - vacuum VPS diffusion soldering for chip attachment and reflow system soldering (Baseplate)"]
["Stencil printing and cleaning of stencils - flows scaling to: m² of DCB or baseplate (area on one side – not total surface area)"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within system boundary","Sub-component input","Baseplate, cleaned and baked","m²",1,{"$f":"F24","v":5.8364605459663831E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow",null,1.0384707228569481,"1, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",2.1,{"$f":"E31*F$36","v":1.2256567146529404E-2},"Aros plant data, see model report.","Electricity, optional",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Cleaning liquid, alkoxypropanol","kg",6.5000000000000002E-2,3.7936993548781493E-4,"Aros plant data, see model report.","Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Cleaning liquid, amino alcohol","kg",0.01,5.8364605459663836E-5,"Aros plant data, see model report.","Monoethanolamine",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Cleaning liquid, deionized water","kg",0.32,1.8676673747092427E-3,"Aros plant data, see model report.","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Disposed cleaning liquid, conc. share","kg",7.4999999999999997E-2,4.3773454094747871E-4,"Aros plant data, see model report.","Spent solvent mixture",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Baseplate, to furnace","m²",1,{"$f":"F30","v":5.8364605459663831E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Soldering of the power module - vacuum VPS diffusion soldering for chip attachment and reflow system soldering (DCB)"]
["Stencil printing and cleaning of stencils - flows scaling to: m² of DCB or baseplate (area on one side – not total surface area)"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within system boundary","Sub-component input","DCB substrate, cleaned and baked","m²",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!B12","v":6.4001397402000011E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow",null,1.0384707228569481,"1, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",2.1,{"$f":"E43*F$48","v":1.3440293454420002E-2},"Aros plant data, see model report.","Electricity, optional",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Cleaning liquid, alkoxypropanol","kg",6.5000000000000002E-2,4.1600908311300011E-4,"Aros plant data, see model report.","Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Cleaning liquid, amino alcohol","kg",0.01,6.4001397402000006E-5,"Aros plant data, see model report.","Monoethanolamine",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Cleaning liquid, deionized water","kg",0.32,2.0480447168640002E-3,"Aros plant data, see model report.","Water, deionised, from tap water, at user",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Disposed cleaning liquid, conc. share","kg",7.4999999999999997E-2,4.8001048051500008E-4,"Aros plant data, see model report.","Spent solvent mixture",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","DCB substrate, to furnace","m²",1,{"$f":"F42","v":6.4001397402000011E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Stencil printing and soldering (both steps) - flows scaling to: kg of lead-free solder in the power module"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Solder paste","kg",1.25,{"$f":"E53*F$58","v":3.9438582649166673E-3},"See below, as for emissions and waste","Solder, paste, Sn95.5Ag3.9Cu0.6",null,1.0384707228569481,"1, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Natural environment","Emission to air","Ethanol","kg",3.6999999999999998E-2,1.1673820464153335E-4,"Aros plant data, reworked and re-calculated, see model report.","Ethanol",null,1.4168851440124091,"2, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Natural environment","Emission to air","VOC","kg",8.6999999999999994E-2,2.7449253523820005E-4,"Aros plant data, reworked and re-calculated, see model report.","NMVOC",null,1.2257235520585095,"2, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Technosphere","Solid waste","Filter waste","kg",6.8000000000000005E-2,2.1454588961146673E-4,"Aros plant data, reworked and re-calculated, see model report.","Hazardous waste, for incineration",null,1.0460278599087169,"2, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Technosphere","Solid waste","Solder paste waste","kg",5.6000000000000001E-2,1.7668485026826671E-4,"Aros plant data, reworked and re-calculated, see model report.","Solder waste, optional recycling",null,1.0460278599087169,"2, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Solder in power module","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!I28/1000","v":3.155086611933334E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Soldering (vacuum VPS diffusion soldering for chip attachment) - flows scaling to: m² of DCB (area on one side – not total surface area)"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","DCB substrate, to furnace","m²",1,{"$f":"F42","v":6.4001397402000011E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Sub-component input","Diced IGBT chips","m²",{"$f":"F64/F66","v":0.11612272338344942},{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F32","v":7.4320165666666655E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow",null,1.0384707228569481,"1, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",24,{"$f":"F66*E65","v":0.15360335376480003},"See model report.","Electricity, optional",null,1.2275250649631777,"2, 3, 2, 2, 4"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","DCB, with IGBT chips attached","m²",1,{"$f":"F63","v":6.4001397402000011E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Soldering (system soldering to unify the DCB and the baseplate) - flows scaling to: m² of baseplate (area on one side – not total surface area)"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","DCB, with IGBT chips attached","m²",{"$f":"F71/F75","v":1.0965789436584439},{"$f":"F66","v":6.4001397402000011E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Baseplate, to furnace","m²",1,{"$f":"F36","v":5.8364605459663831E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",24,{"$f":"E73*F$75","v":0.14007505310319318},"Aros plant data, reworked and re-calculated, see model report.","Electricity, optional",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Nitrogen","kg",64,0.37353347494184852,null,"Nitrogen, liquid",null,1.1053089868304187,"2, 3, 2, 2, 3"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Baseplate module w/o frame","m²",1,{"$f":"F72","v":5.8364605459663831E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Post-solder solvent cleaning"]
[" Flows scaling to: m² of baseplate (area on one side – not total surface area)"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within system boundary","Unaltered sub-component input","Baseplate module w/o frame","m²",1,{"$f":"F75","v":5.8364605459663831E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Acetone","kg",0.09,{"$f":"E82*F$85","v":5.2528144913697441E-4},"Ning et al. (2003), TM (2010)","Acetone, liquid",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Technosphere","Process input","Isopropanol","kg",0.09,5.2528144913697441E-4,"Ning et al. (2003), TM (2010)","Isopropanol ",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Technosphere","Liquid waste","Waste solvents, conc. share of dilution","kg",0.11,6.4201066005630219E-4,"Calculated","Spent solvent mixture",null,1.2345580787321644,"2, 3, 3, 4, 4"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Baseplate module w/o frame, cleaned","m²",1,{"$f":"F75","v":5.8364605459663831E-3},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Attachment of plastic frame"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within system boundary","Unaltered sub-component input","Baseplate module w/o frame, cleaned","pce",1,1,"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Unaltered sub-component input","Galvanized terminals, screws and washers","kg",{"$f":"F91","v":8.9049380274772733E-3},{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!B30/1000","v":8.9049380274772733E-3},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Unaltered sub-component input","Frame with bonded terminals","pce",1,1,"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Silicone adhesive","kg",{"$f":"F93","v":2.1000000000000001E-4},{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!I32/1000/2","v":2.1000000000000001E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Silicone product",null,1.0384707228569481,"1, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Baseplate module with frame","pce",1,1,null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Plasma cleaning"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within system boundary","Unaltered sub-component input","Baseplate module with frame","pce",1,1,"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity","kWh",0.05,0.05,"See model report.","Electricity, optional",null,1.0764349399111492,"3, 4, 2, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Baseplate module with frame, cleaned","pce",1,1,null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Ultrasonic bonding of wires and terminals"]
[" Flows scaling to: cm² of IGBT chip area"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within system boundary","Unaltered sub-component input","Baseplate module with frame, cleaned","pce",{"$error":"#REF!"},1,"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Unaltered sub-component input","Copper wire","kg",{"$f":"F108/F110","v":0.3562840699885429},{"$f":"Tableau11[Value]/1000","v":2.6479091105942765E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity for ultrasonic welding","kWh",0.02,{"$f":"E109*F110","v":1.486403313333333E-5},"Levine (2000, 2016), Orthodyne (2012)","Electricity, optional",null,1.0764349399111492,"3, 4, 2, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Power module, open, wire bonded","m²",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!F32","v":7.4320165666666655E-4},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Potting and curing with UV light"]
["Flows scaling to: kg of potting gel"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Silicone potting gel","kg",1,{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!I33/1000","v":3.1155637520461646E-2},"See model report.","Silicone product",null,1.0384707228569481,"1, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity for dispensing gel","kWh",0.3,{"$f":"E117*F118","v":9.3466912561384931E-3},"MTA (2014), Wacker (2014)","Electricity, optional",null,1.0654986309886365,"3, 3, 2, 2, 2"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Potting gel layer","kg",1,{"$f":"F116","v":3.1155637520461646E-2},null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Fixed flows, presented per piece"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within unit process","Internal flow","Potting gel layer","kg",{"$f":"F123","v":3.1155637520461646E-2},{"$f":"F118","v":3.1155637520461646E-2},"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Unaltered sub-component input","Power module, open, wire bonded","pce",1,1,"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Energy input","Electricity UV curing","kWh",0.03,0.03,"See model report.","Electricity, optional",null,1.0793097188846854,"3, 3, 3, 2, 2"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","Power module, open, potted","pce",1,1,null,"Internal flow"]
[]
["Attachment of plastic lid"]
["Dispatching / receiving system","Flow description\n","Flow name","Property and quantity",null,null,"Reference source","Linked flow /\nRepresentation in Ecoinvent 3 ","Notes/hypothesis","Uncertainty assessment"]
[null,null,null,"Unit","Amount per kg","Scaled amount",null,null,null,"GSD","Comment"]
["Within system boundary","Unaltered sub-component input","Power module, open, potted","pce",1,1,"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Within system boundary","Unaltered sub-component input","Lid","pce",1,1,"Reference units, see model report.","Internal flow"]
["Technosphere","Product material input","Silicone adhesive","g",{"$f":"F133","v":2.1000000000000001E-4},{"$f":"'11-Surface and mass calculation'!I32/1000/2","v":2.1000000000000001E-4},"Reference units, see model report.","Silicone product",null,1.0384707228569481,"1, 3, 2, 2, 1"]
["Within system boundary","Internal flow","IGBT power module, complete","pce",1,1,null,"Internal flow"]

{"sheet":"Feuil3","index":16,"n_rows":6,"n_cols":1,"rows_kept":6,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Data accessibility"]
["Datasheet"]
["Opening of module"]
["Non-opening of module"]
["Disassembly of module"]
["Hypothesis"]